Clubfoot: causes, symptoms and treatment

Although it may seem like a rare disorder, clubfoot is quite common. This condition affects between 1 and 3 in every 1000 newborns. Furthermore, boys are more affected than girls.

Clubfoot does not always receive the necessary attention, which leads many newborns to have mobility and motor skill deficits in the long term. Find out what clubfoot is, the causes, treatment and prevention.

What is clubfoot?

Clubfoot is a deformity in which the foot (usually in a newborn) grows inwards and downwards, making it appear twisted or bent in an abnormal way. The good news is that with early diagnosis and treatment, the deformity can be corrected and total function recovered.

The severity of clubfoot can vary, with some mild cases that can be treated easily, while others may require more intensive interventions, such as surgery. The key to an effective treatment is early detection and continuous monitoring by specialized healthcare professionals.

What are the symptoms of clubfoot?

The symptoms of clubfoot are quite obvious, right from birth. The principal symptoms include:

Abnormal foot position
The affected foot is turned inwards and downwards, and can be difficult to move in the normal direction. The deformity can be more or less pronounced.

Rigidity
In some cases, the foot muscles and joints can be rigid and fail to respond as expected. It becomes difficult to move the foot, and repositioning may cause discomfort.

Limited mobility
If untreated, clubfoot can restrict the child’s capacity to move normally and affect their ability to crawl or walk. As a result, the child can develop deficits in balance and motor skills.

Limb length discrepancy
In the most serious cases, clubfoot can affect the foot’s growth and present limb length discrepancy. This usually causes alignment problems and joint pain.

How is clubfoot diagnosed?

The clubfoot diagnosis begins with an examination of the newborn’s feet immediately after birth. If any deformity is identified, the paediatrician may refer the case to a specialist, such as a paediatric orthopaedist, for a more in-depth assessment. The principal exams and diagnostic methods include:

Physical examination
The physician conducts a complete physical examination to assess the severity of the deformity. The foot is moved in several directions to determine how far it can be corrected and check for rigidity or pain.

X-ray
In some cases, the orthopaedist may prescribe an X-ray to examine the foot bones and verify the bone structure, as well as joint alignment.

Ultrasound
When more complex deformities or disorders associated with other conditions are suspected, an ultrasound may be performed to examine the muscles and tendons, in order to obtain a more detailed view of the foot.

How is clubfoot prevented?

There is no way to prevent clubfoot, as this condition can be caused by genetic or positional factors. However, it is possible to reduce the risk in some situations.

Proper prenatal care
It is important for pregnant women to undergo all prenatal examinations to monitor the baby’s development and identify possible disorders early on.

Early diagnosis
The earlier clubfoot is identified, the better the chances of successful treatment. Therefore, newborn screening is essential.

Regular medical appointments
If there is a family history of clubfoot or other genetic conditions, it is advisable to consult a specialist to assess the risk.

Joaquim Chaves Saúde, clubfoot diagnosis and treatment

Clubfoot is a treatable deformity, especially when diagnosed early. At Joaquim Chaves Saúde our specialised team is ready to help diagnose and treat each case.

If you suspect your child may have clubfoot, or if you have doubts about this condition, don’t hesitate to make an appointment with us. We’re here to provide your baby with the best possible care and guarantee its healthy motor skill development. Schedule your consultation now.